Se is a function that emphasizes instantaneity and pursues tangible sensory experiences.
Se is based on sensory experiences such as vision, hearing, and touch to obtain and feedback information about the external world. It is the most primitive survival function for predators and might also be the earliest cognitive function derived by humans.
Se users best fit the secular society's definition of being "lively and cheerful". They are quite perceptive in terms of the senses. For example, they are enthusiastic about dressing up, extremely sensitive to the tastes of food and wine, like to reach out and touch things and have physical contact, and prefer instant and convenient ways of obtaining happiness such as short videos.
Excellent acting talent. Se users are natural actors, especially good at expressing emotions. They may have some exaggerated performances in daily life and are not afraid of the camera. The internet celebrities on short video apps all have high Se. People with good foreign language speaking skills must have a high level of Se. Learning a foreign language cannot be spoken out fluently like one's mother tongue; it requires a response mechanism, and oral expression requires a certain acting talent.
Values of enjoying the present. Se means "the experience of the present". The happiness of today should be enjoyed today, and the "happiness" they define must be tangible. They will not worry about things that have not happened yet.
Ability to receive dynamic information. Se likes to watch movies and TV shows, participate in offline activities with interactive sessions, and browse short videos. Video-related content always attracts Se users more than text-based content. As a biological instinct, Se has a strong perception of colors. A more flexible color combination compared to a mechanical line structure is a type of "dynamic information".
Keen on superficial interpersonal communication. Se likes to maintain existing social relationships, such as classmates and colleagues, which are relationships already defined in secular society. In these relationships, Se will show extraordinary enthusiasm. It is also very easy for Se to call people with whom they are not so close "dear".
Advantages of Se: Good at having fun and not holding grudges. Making friends with Se users is never boring. They know all kinds of novel ways to play, like an endless Doraemon, taking you to check in and take pictures everywhere, and participate in various interesting entertainment activities, making life full of joy. Moreover, the photos they take for you are quite good. When Se users are angry, they may get very emotional, but they will forget about it soon and greet you and joke with you as if nothing had happened the next day.
Possible disadvantages of Se: Shallow and lacking a sense of boundaries. For example, they may speak bluntly, act rashly, and like to gossip about others. Poorly developed Se may be careless and tactless in daily life, with an always exaggerated and high-profile tone of conversation, giving the impression of being smart alecks.
Si symbolizes order and rules and is a function highly consistent with secular values.
Si is also a basic cognitive function of humans. Its core concept is to follow traditional concepts, appearing old-fashioned, with a low acceptance of new things and new ideas. Compared with the high-profile and flamboyant Se, Si may not be so easily recognizable in a crowd and requires long-term contact to understand.
Si places great emphasis on "stability" in life, whether it is the pace of life or the mode of dealing with people. "Stability" is their core need. Si desires a familiar and known life pattern and does not like to take risks.
However, this "stability" of Si is not the same as Ni's desire for risk pre-control, which will be mentioned in the Ni section later.
Rote memorization / exam-taking ability. The ability possessed by Si belongs to instant memory, that is, being able to quickly remember a large amount of rigid content in a short time, even if one has no prior understanding. Therefore, Si is especially good at cramming before exams.
Empiricism. Si highly values the value of past experiences. When facing a problem, the first thing to consider is "the method used before" rather than exploring new methods. Empiricism is a double-edged sword. While providing existing practical results, it also shuts out more possibilities, which is one of the possible disadvantages brought about by Si.
Pay attention to details. Si users attach more importance to details than to the macro perspective. When facing a thing, they always pay attention to the local area first rather than looking at the whole picture. This aspect of Si can also be manifested as carefulness and may be extremely meticulous in life.
Good at mechanical repetitive actions. For example, doing cross-stitch and checking financial statements, which are boring jobs in the eyes of others, but Si users enjoy doing them, and this is precisely what they are good at. Therefore, ISTJ is very suitable for working in the accounting and finance industry, dealing with numbers all day long. It is worth noting the distinction between Si and Fi. Although some personalities also do repetitive work, it may be because they like it rather than simply being good at it. The repetitive actions of Si are a talent without any emotional color; they can just do mechanical work well.
Si is the personality most擅长 at checking and verifying work and can serve as an inspector in a team.
Si also represents the mainstream values of Chinese society - going to school and work in an orderly manner, completing a series of "major life events" according to the "social clock", finding a presentable job, getting married and having children on time, without making mistakes.
Advantages of Si: Rigorous, meticulous, and able to learn. Good at imitating, following rules and regulations, steady and reliable in work, may be labeled as "honest", but are favored by superiors. They are also good at using Excel to process various types of data (not necessarily numbers, information also counts) and are good at organizing and classifying. Si users can stand out in rote memorization-based exams and are very popular in the exam room. Whether it is the college entrance examination, postgraduate entrance examination, civil service examination, or bar exam, people with high Si have a great advantage.
Possible disadvantages of Si: Too traditional and conservative in values. Relying solely on the Si function cannot make one a good decision-maker, and Si's values are on the conservative side and not very able to cater to the market values of the competitive era. Otherwise, why do ISFJ and ISTJ need to be paired with a Ne at the intuitive level? It is to neutralize the negative impact brought about by the first function Si to meet the ideal personality expectations.
Ne represents divergent thinking and is also the ability to expand in the abstract dimension.
If Se is the expansion of tangible objects that can be seen and touched, then Ne is the spiritual exploration that cannot be seen or touched. Ne advocates "multiple possibilities". In their world, there is never only one solution, and the way out is divergent, variable, and not absolute.
Ne may have a tendency not to take sides. They do not want to put all their eggs in one basket and do not want to limit their path to a certain choice. It is also very difficult for them to choose one among multiple possibilities.
Excellent架空 imagination. The so-called imagination is a thinking ability that originates from reality, is higher than reality, and is separated from reality. For example, novelists/scriptwriters creating plots, planners simulating plans, fashion designers drawing sketches, advertising and publicity... These are all things that require imagination and creativity. People with insufficient Ne cannot engage in such work (Se can make up for it to a certain extent). Therefore, Ne is actually involved in various fields, including art, business, and industry, not limited to traditional strategic analysis or business analysis industries. The creativity of Ne users can also be explained as the ability to create an imaginary world, being able to use the existing elements in reality to fictionalize a brand new system.
Multi-linear thinking mode. Ne users have a more exuberant curiosity than ordinary people and are better at capturing the points in unfamiliar fields that attract them. They do not like an unchanging life, like to explore, and hope to gain a sense of freshness every day.
Outlook and worry about the future. All the associations and divergent thinking of Ne users are speculations about things that have not happened yet, and they are also the kind of people who are most likely to worry unnecessarily. Typical ones are ENFP and INFP, with sad thoughts in their minds, afraid of this and worried about that, even though things haven't happened yet. These are all caused by Ne's divergent thinking. While having rich thoughts, Ne users are also prone to bringing excessive mental burdens to themselves.
Advantages of Ne: Many ideas and good at brainstorming. Due to their multi-linear thinking ability, Ne is most suitable for occupations such as planning and consulting that require coming up with solutions. They have endless inspiration, a large thinking span, and can bring surprises to the team. Moreover, Ne users usually play a role in regulating the atmosphere in a group.
Possible disadvantages of Ne: Low decision-making power, low execution ability, and a tendency to avoid. The top two functions of Ne often have a procrastination tendency. They are held back by huge divergent thinking and find it difficult to seriously implement in a certain way out. Ne is also not good at making final decisions, which is a very difficult thing for them.
Ni is a prediction function, representing theism, intuitionism, "I think, I do".
Compared with Ne, Ni is closer to the general sense of "intuition", that is, the sixth sense. It is the function in the eight dimensions that is used by the fewest people and is the least understood by outsiders. Ni users have strong language expression skills. Under the premise of the same knowledge reserve, Ni has the strongest expressiveness. Ni also has a high spiritual quotient and has a great interest in mysterious things and mysticism theories.
Strong sense of territoriality. Ni is hostile to outsiders with determined identities, but may not show it. They choose to observe silently, quickly judge the "safety" of the other party, and then decide whether to continue the conversation with them.
The need for risk pre-control. Ni hates things that are not within its expected range and does not want any variables in life. Therefore, it will carefully plan before starting to ensure everything is foolproof. This is not the same concept as Si's "planism" and "schedulism". Si's original intention is "order and organization", while Ni's original intention is "risk prediction".
Practitioners of conclusion intuition. Ni has a reverse thinking mode of coming up with conclusions first and then supplementing the logic. Ni tends to reflect on the "unreasonable" points in the mind and then complete the logic. For example, when ISTJ and INFJ go to a crime scene together, ISTJ will immediately collect on-site evidence, such as fingerprints and murder weapons, and analyze and judge based on this information. INFJ, on the other hand, will accurately detect the suspicious points at the scene based on abstract factors such as the weather and the environment of the crime scene, and then reproduce a possible crime scene scenario. Although they may not be able to convince other criminal police for a while, their assumptions will soon be verified.
Idealized filter. Ni will idealize objective things, beautify the things it firmly believes in, and use them to convince itself that its judgment is correct. This is actually also a manifestation of reverse logic, drawing conclusions first and then supplementing the derivation process.
Ni users have the highest probability of falling in love at first sight, and their judgment of interpersonal interactions also often determines success or failure at first sight. They already have a conclusion when they see the other person for the first time.
Fatalists. Ni users are firm fatalists. They believe in past lives and karma and have a respectful attitude towards theology. Professions such as metaphysicians, astrologers, feng shui masters, fortune-tellers, and priests are most likely to appear among Ni users. They also show sighs and awe towards the theme of death, and even have some curiosity. Ni users will pay attention to some topics related to life and death. For example, when they read about an accident in the news usually, the first reaction of Ni users will be "These are all destined", and the arrangement of fate cannot be disobeyed.
Interested in research related to human nature. Regardless of the field, what fascinates them is often not the thing itself but the people who operate it. Because they like to study people, Ni is interested in psychology, likes to observe and analyze the people around them usually, and has also established a corresponding database in their minds - however, for them, the data is only an aid, and they will not completely rely on data analysis like Si users. Ni users like movies that explore human nature, ethics, and suspense. As long as it involves human nature, it is a subject that Ni is interested in.
Exclusivity of consciousness. Corresponding to Ne's divergent thinking, Ni is an inference for a single possibility, directly negating other possibilities. Ni can be used as Ti in some scenarios because both Ni and Ti operate in a single field. It's just that Ni is a single-line reverse intuition, and Ti is a single-line forward logic. Ultimately, they are both in a single field. Ni does not have the macro perspective of Te. To some extent, Ne also means objectivity and macro, after all, they are diverging various possibilities. In contrast, Ni has exclusivity in consciousness. Except for the only set of views adhered to by the user, all others are nipped in the bud.
Criticism and prediction. Ni will instantly judge things and stick to the judgment results. Ni users also enjoy criticizing. Although they are nihilists, they like to criticize reality. At this time, they often have a God's-eye view, that is, "I am observing this real society" rather than "I am a person living in this society". Therefore, INTJ and INFJ inevitably give people the impression of being angry young people and being aloof.
Inspiration and instant judgment. The explanation of inspiration may be the way that the outside world can most easily understand Ni. The appearance of inspiration is actually Ni at work, a sudden spark of thought without any reason. Previously, in "Things You Don't Know about Ni - The Precise Positioning of 'Spatial Sense' such as Throwing and Shooting", the wonderful effect brought about by Ni's "instant judgment" has also been analyzed.
Advantages of Ni: Stable values and fulfillment of promises. Ni attaches great importance to the value of promises and will fulfill what it says, even if many years have passed and the promised party has already forgotten. Ni also has very stable values, with consistent persistence and conviction. INTJ has even been rated as the "most loyal partner".
Possible disadvantages of Ni: Paranoia and excessive perfectionism. Ni can be said to be the most opinionated in the eight dimensions. They firmly believe that they have foreseen the development results of things, like to get into dead ends, have an unyielding personality and are not easy to get along with, hold grudges, stick to their guns, are withdrawn, and have difficulty entering into close relationships. Once they have an aversion to a person, they will behave very绝情.
Te is a macroscopic and holistic function, representing pragmatism and benefit supremacy.
Te is a magnanimous and leadership-like function, most commonly seen in the workplace, manifested as directing others, making decisions, and being assertive. On the emotional level, Te often shows a desire for the dominance of relationships.
Overall planning ability and leadership. Te is good at building frameworks, sorting out logical connections, allocating resources, coordinating human resources, and so on. Te users have a grand overall concept, will jump out of the existing problems, look at problems from a higher perspective, make a possible judgment on the future trend, and thus make the final decision and carry out strategic deployment.
Benefit supremacy. Te users focus on practical results and consider the purpose of doing things, that is, "Why should I do this?" and "What practical benefits does this bring to me?" This is also the case in interpersonal relationships, and they often use this kind of "resource replacement" thinking.
Macroscopic and objective. Te can be said to be the most objective among the eight functions, emphasizing the fair distribution of resources, but this objectivity does not carry much humanistic care and is purely for the sake of objective existences such as fairness and truth.
Execution ability. Te is about decision-making and implementation. For personalities like ENFP or INFP with Te in the third or fourth position, if they have a relatively good Te, it can make up for their weakness in execution ability to a certain extent.
Advantages of Te: Strong aura and high work efficiency. Te is also known as the 996 perpetual motion machine function and is very popular in the workplace. Whether it is work ability, work efficiency, or the quality of results, Te is always recognized by leaders.
Possible disadvantages of Te: Assertive and strong control desire. Excessive utilitarianism leads to a lack of human touch, which may put pressure on people around. And in Te's values, the overall situation is higher than the individual. They may expect you to have a sense of self-sacrifice, which may be difficult for some Fi personalities to accept for a while.
Ti is a local and in-depth research function.
Ti users are good at being "precise" and "specialized", conducting very in-depth research in a single field, both in terms of thinking and behavior. For example, pursuing a master's or doctoral degree is a typical embodiment of Ti.
Ti will subjectively exclude other views and deeply explore a certain view it thinks is correct - this has similarities with Ni's one-way intuition, but the basis of Ti's exploration means is logic, while Ni's is not.
Desire for exploration. Ti users往往 show a strong willingness to research in the fields they like and are willing to invest a lot of time and energy in this field.
Prone to internal friction. Ti will cause a lot of mental consumption to the user itself, so Ti first-function users are relatively lacking in social skills, manifested as being out of the mainstream, withdrawn, etc., often immersed in their own thinking.
Advantages of Ti: Good at in-depth research in a single field. Ti users are suitable for engaging in research work, such as scientific research, university teaching, etc. Ti combined with Se can specialize in skill-based fields, such as crafts, ball games, musical instruments, surgical operations, etc.
Possible disadvantages of Ti: Keen on challenging and arguing. Due to the high requirement for logical rigor, Ti users keep asking questions and raising doubts, which will inevitably make them seem like argumentative people. Compared with Te, because Ti is in a single logical circle, it is difficult to break through the limitations of thinking.
Fe is a function that connects emotions with others in a community.
The core of the emotional dimension (F) is the channel to obtain emotional pleasure. Fe tends to rely on the external world, while Fi tends to rely on the user itself.
Fe users are used to dedicating themselves, gaining a sense of achievement and joy from giving, and establishing a deep emotional bond with others through this form.
Empathy ability. Fe users are empathetic and can empathize with the joys, sorrows, anger, and happiness of others, considering
